Gold

 Everything you wanted to know about diamonds.

Diamonds are made up of carbon that was buried deep within the Earth under intense pressure and heat and are brought to the surface from the mantle in a rare type of magma called kimberlite and erupted at a rare type of volcanic vent called a diatreme or pipe.

The strongly bonded electrons and the compact atoms cause the amazing reduction of the velocity of light through a diamonds mass which is what gives it the lustre which is what most people find appealing about a diamond.

It was first discovered to be carbon in 1796, and it took more than 150 years from that time until a method of diamond synthesis was invented.

Since diamond is so hard that only a diamond can cut other diamonds, it has many uses in industry. Diamond is a fundamental industrial material that is used to cut, grind, and polish hard substances and therefore is used mainly in the cutting heads of industrial rock drills. Diamond, however, is also a high-tech super material for our technological age and will be showing up in more and more products in the future, probably in your home electronics, appliances, and automobiles.

When it comes to jewellery, diamonds are one of most popular of all the gems. Diamond jewelry is considered a classic from weddings and engagements to anniversaries and even celebrity awards ceremonies.

Since gold needs to be of a certain hardness to set diamonds into, diamond jewellery is generally made from 18 carat gold.

Diamonds have been recognised as a symbol of love, joy and romance since the 15th Century. This all came from a romantic gesture by Archduke Maximilian of Austria giving Mary of Burgundy a diamond ring on their engagement. Since this time, forms of diamond jewellery have been deemed to show everlasting love and affection. Diamonds are also used to portray great wealth, status and success and are worn to show this.

Carat is the size or weight measurement of the diamond and unlike gold is not simply so much per carat. Diamond prices vary considerably according to the 3 Cs. These are color, clarity and cut.

Diamonds often contain other elements that can affect the color and those that are colorless are more valued than those that have color. Although how a diamond is cut is the only human contribution to a diamond's beauty it is one of most important as it is responsible for its brilliance. Cutting colored diamonds is different from clear ones, because the ultimate goal is maximizing the color. Cutting can be performed with deep, shallow or with perfect length.

A diamond displays the maximum amount of reflectance for a transparent substance, displaying what is called an 'adamantine' lustre. However, it cannot be polished again and again as it loses its properties.

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